Pyrrole-The Mannich Reaction Overview

The Mannich reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. The use of strong acids must be avoided. The reaction can be broken down into two stages: formation of an iminium ion and electrophilic substitution. ^{Click the stages below (for the major product) to view each 3D animation respectively.}

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M. Arend, B. Westermann and N. Risch, Angew. Chemie Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 1044–1070.