Swern Oxidation

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The Swern oxidation is a modern method of converting primary or secondary alcohols to aldehydes or ketones using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and a base (Et3N) at low temperature. The overall reaction is as follows:

Sn2

The three stages of the Swern oxidation reaction mechanism are shown below.
Click the different stages to view the 3D models of the reaction

Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3

Sn2

Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3

K. Omura and D. Swern, Tetrahedron, 1978, 34, 1651–1660.

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