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CooA, a bacterial CO sensor and transcription factor is a dimer of two identical subunits (represented as red and blue) has two haem-binding domains and two ‘helix– turn–helix’ domains that recognize a section of DNA. The protein ligands to the Fe atoms are a histidine from one subunit and an N-terminal proline from the other. The binding of CO and displacement of proline disrupts the assembly and allows CooA to bind to DNA.