Hantzsch pyridine synthesis Step 3: Formation of the dihydropyridine

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A conjugate addition between the two fragments, followed by proton transfers and finally intramolecular enamine formation gives the dihydropyridine. One of the possible sequences is shown here.

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H. G. O. Alvim, E. N. da Silva Júnior and B. A. D. Neto, RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 54282–54299.