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Cytochrome c oxidase is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyses the four-electron reduction of O2 to water, using cytochrome c as the electron donor. The active site for O2 reduction consists of a myoglobin-like Fe–porphyrin (haem-a3) that is adjacent to a ‘semi-haemocyanin-like’ Cu (known as CuB) coordinated by three histidine ligands