Hantzsch pyridine synthesis Step 1: Knoevenagel Condensation between the β-ketoester and aldehyde

Sn2

Click the structures and reaction arrows in sequence to view the 3D models and animations respectively

The first step of the reaction is the attack of the β-ketoester enolate on the aldehyde, followed by an E1cB elimination to give an unsaturated carbonyl compound.

Note: Step 1 and Step 2 can happen in either order

Onto Step 2

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H. G. O. Alvim, E. N. da Silva Júnior and B. A. D. Neto, RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 54282–54299.

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